Anatomy And Physiology

Respiratory Zones: passages where gas exchange takes place. Zones: Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli Conducting Zones: Transports air from outside of the body to the lower passages to where the gas exchange takes place. Conducting zone steps:  Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles

Breathing Steps: You diaphragm moves down as it contracts while your ribs move outwards to create space for the expanding lungs. When you take a breath, the air travels in the nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx Then the air travels through the glottis into the trachea so the air can be filtered The air splits into the two passageways called the bronchi which leads to the lungs Air goes in the lungs an into the alveoli which is where the process of gas exchange occurs  Your diaphragm moves up and ribs go inwards as you exhale the CO2 and any other unnecessary gases

Intrapleural Pressure: The pressure between the parietal and the viceral pleural membranes  should be 4 mmHg less than the pressure in the alveoli  Acts like a suction to keep the lungs inflated Always negative- which is caused by the elascity of the lungs and thoracic wall and the surface tension  Produces subatmospheric pressure in the intrapleural space  Intrapulmonary Pressure: The pressure found in the alveoli of the lungs  should be equal to the atmospheric pressure  Atmospheric pressure doesn't change when you inhale or exhale, the pressure should fall less or more than the atmospheric pressue  Increase in lung volume during inspiration decreases intrapulmonary pressure to subatmospheric levels and allows for air to go in  Decrease in lung volume during expiration increases intrapulmonary pressure above atmospheric levels which expells out air 

Major organs in the respiratory system Microscopic view of alveoli: the smallest structures in the lung, bag-like structures that hold air Respiratory Tract The respiratory zone consists of bronchioles, terminals bronchioles, and alveoli

Croup: inflammation of the vocal folds, seen mostly in infants, characterized by a ‘barking’ cough. Cause: 75% of cases are from parainfluenza virus but other viruses can lead to it. Laryngitis: inflammation of the mucous membranes that prevents proper movement of the vocal cords. Pleurisy: inflammation of the pleura Cystic Fibrosis: a life-threatening genetic disorder in which the body creates an abnormally thick and sticky mucus which builds up in the bronchi and pancreas; can cause lung infections and serious digestive problems Hyperventilation: extremely fast breathing; caused by too little carbon dioxide; can cause respiratory alkalosis(rise in blood pH), brief periods of apnea, cyanosis, dizziness, fainting Hypoventilation: extremely slow breathing; caused by too much carbon dioxide; can cause respiratory acidosis(fall in blood pH), bluish skin coloration, drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy, morning headaches, swelling of ankles, waking from sleep unrested, waking up many tim...